Penerapan Smart Contract dalam Keuangan Syariah: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Integrasi Cryptocurrency dan Blockchain

Abstract

The integration of smart contracts in Islamic finance represents a significant shift toward digital transformation, offering enhanced efficiency, transparency, and automation in financial transactions. This study aims to explore the potential and challenges of smart contract applications in Sharia-compliant finance, particularly in sectors such as Islamic banking, sukuk issuance, zakat management, and crowdfunding. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this research analyzes academic publications and industry reports from 2014 to 2024 to assess the compatibility of smart contracts with Sharia principles. The findings reveal that while blockchain technology can improve transactional integrity and reduce costs, the compliance of cryptocurrencies with Islamic law remains a contentious issue, especially concerning gharar (uncertainty) and speculation. Furthermore, the absence of uniform global regulations and the risk of security vulnerabilities in smart contracts pose significant challenges. To facilitate adoption, this study recommends the development of standardized smart contract frameworks, the harmonization of regulatory policies, and the implementation of Sharia-compliant auditing mechanisms. The research concludes that, with appropriate legal frameworks and security measures, smart contracts have the potential to revolutionize Islamic finance and foster broader financial inclusion in the Muslim world.