Paradigma Filantropi Islam dalam Keuangan Mikro Islam: Analisis Berbasis Literatur Terhadap Fungsi Maal di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v11i04.17293Kata Kunci:
Fungsi Maal dalam Keuangan Mikro Syariah; Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) ; Inklusi Keuangan Berbasis Zakat ; Maqasid al-Shariah dalam Keuangan MikroAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi filantropi Islam—zakat, infaq, dan sedekah—ke dalam mekanisme operasional keuangan mikro syariah dengan fokus khusus pada program maal di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi peran instrumen keuangan berbasis filantropi dalam mendorong keuangan etis dan pembangunan inklusif dari perspektif Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative literature review dengan sumber utama berasal dari basis data Scopus, menggunakan kata kunci “keuangan mikro syariah” dan “fungsi maal dalam BMT”. Pendekatan analisis bersifat tematik, didasarkan pada tujuan utama syariat Islam, yakni menjaga harta (hifz al-mal) dan kesejahteraan (hifz al-nafs).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi maal merupakan prinsip dasar dalam keuangan mikro syariah, bukan sekadar fungsi tambahan. Model-model kelembagaan seperti BMT dan skema pembiayaan berbasis wakaf menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam memadukan nilai-nilai filantropi dengan intermediasi keuangan, sehingga mampu memberdayakan secara ekonomi sekaligus menciptakan keadilan sosial. Dampak operasional dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan strategi seperti tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan Islam (Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility), platform zakat digital, dan model pengukuran kinerja sosial.
Dengan memposisikan kembali fungsi maal sebagai elemen kunci dalam keuangan mikro yang berkelanjutan, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap literatur keuangan Islam. Analisis ini juga menawarkan dasar bagi perumusan kebijakan dan reformasi kelembagaan dalam membangun sistem keuangan yang bermoral dan inklusif secara sosial di dunia Muslim, khususnya dalam konteks BMT.
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