PROACTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZATION THROUGH ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP: TRUST IN LEADER MEDIATION TEST

Authors

  • Iqbal Arraniri Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Kuningan, Indonesia
  • Heni Susilawati Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Kuningan, Indonesia
  • Deri Prayudi Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Kuningan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v8i1.13169

Abstract

The phenomenon and research gaps in Indonesian entrepreneurial behavior and activity were the driving forces behind this study. The SMEs to successfully accomplish its objectives amid unpredictable circumstances, had to be completely cognizant of trust of the employee in leader could boost proactive work behavior that lead to improved output. This investigation sought to evaluate the effect of Entrepreneurial Leadership (EL) on Trust in Leader (TL), the impact of EL on Proactive Work Behavior (PWB), the impact of TL on PWB and the impact of EL using TL as an intervening variable on PWB. Data for this study came from 150 Indonesian SMEs, by distributing questionnaires. Using the regression equation and the causal step mediation test from Baron & Kenny. Keywords: Entrepreneurial leadership; Proactive work behavior; SMEs; Trust in leader

References

Amankwaa, A., & Gyensare, Michael Asiedu, P. S. (2019). Transformational leadership with innovative behaviour Examining multiple mediating paths with PLS-SEM. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(4), 402–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2018-0358

Amankwaa, A., Susomrith, P., & Seet, P. S. (2022). Innovative behavior among service workers and the importance of leadership: evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Technology Transfer, 47(2), 506–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-021-09853-6

Bagheri, A., Akbari, M., & Artang, A. (2022). How does entrepreneurial leadership affect innovation work behavior? The mediating role of individual and team creativity self-efficacy. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0281

Bagheri, A., Newman, A., & Eva, N. (2022). Entrepreneurial leadership of CEOs and employees’ innovative behavior in high-technology new ventures. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(4), 805–827. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1737094

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader-member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader-member dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(6), 477–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00643.x

Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202

Bilal, M., Chaudhry, S., Amber, H., Shahid, M., Aslam, S., & Shahzad, K. (2021). Entrepreneurial leadership and employees’ proactive behaviour: Fortifying self determination theory. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030176

Bindl, S. K. P. and U. K. (2017). PROACTIVITY AT WORK Making Things Happen in Organizations (S. K. P. And & U. K. Bindl (Eds.)). Taylor & Francis Group.

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Department OfSociology, Universtly of Chicago. IL, 1–352. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643

Brower, H. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Tan, H. H. (2000). A model of relational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 227–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00040-0

Burke, C. S., Sims, D. E., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 606–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.006

Chatman, J. A., & Cha, S. E. (2003). Leading by leveraging culture. California Management Review, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/41166186

Choi, Y. R., & Shepherd, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities. Journal of Management, 30(3), 377–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.04.002

Cogliser, C. C., & Brigham, K. H. (2004). The intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship: Mutual lessons to be learned. Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 771–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.004

Crant, J. (2000a). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304

Crant, J. (2000b). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage, 4(11), 485–485. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbe.4.485.1

Cui, Z. (2021). The Relationship Between Proactive Behavior and Work-Family Conflict: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657863

Dedahanov, A. T., Lee, D. H., Rhee, J., & Yoon, J. (2016). Entrepreneur’s paternalistic leadership style and creativity: The mediating role of employee voice. Management Decision, 54(9), 2310–2324. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2015-0537

Den Hartog, D. N. (2017). Leadership and trust. In The Routledge Companion to Trust (Issue December, pp. 455–468). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315745572

Deutsch, L. (2009). Are you a trusted leader? Industrial and Commercial Training, 41(7), 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850910995773

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611

Dwivedi, R. S. (1983). Management by Trust : A Conceptual Model attainment of effective performance : improved quality and increased quantity of goods and services produced ; Group & Organization Studi.Es, 8(4), 375–405.

Frese, M. (2001). Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, 133–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23005-6

Gaglio, C. M. (2004). the Role of Mental Simulation and Counterfactual. Baylor University , 1042(2587), 533–553.

GEM. (2022). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2021 / 2022 Global Report Opportunity Amid Disruption.

GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2021, from https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/latest-global-report

Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002

Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., & Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial leadership: Developing and measuring a cross-cultural construct. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00040-5

Huynh, T., Duong, M. H., Phan, T. T., Do, T. Van, Do, T. T. T., & Nguyen, K. T. (2019). Team Dynamics, Leadership, and Employee Proactivity of Vietnamese Firms. Journal of Open Innovation : Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(1), 16. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5010016

Iqbal, S., Farid, T., Khan, M. K., Zhang, Q., Khattak, A., & Ma, J. (2020). Bridging the gap between authentic leadership and employees communal relationships through trust. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010250

Jawahar, I. M., Stone, T. H., & Kluemper, D. (2019). When and why leaders trust followers: LMX as a mediator and empowerment as a moderator of the trustworthiness-trust relationship. Career Development International, 24(7), 702–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-03-2019-0078

Jeremy B. Bernerth, A. A. A., & Hubert S. Feild, W. F. G. and H. J. W. (2007). Leader–member social exchange (LMSX): development and validation of a scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(1), 979–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/job

John Antonakis, D. V. D. (2018). The Nature of Leadership. In SAGE Publications (Vol. 3, Issue 8).

Josephs, N., Feehan, D. M., & Crawford, F. W. (2022). A Sample Size Formula for Network Scale-up Studies. Sociological Methods and Research, 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122576

Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 569–598. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569

Kyriazos, T. A. (2018). Applied Psychometrics: Sample Size and Sample Power Considerations in Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in General. Psychology, 09(08), 2207–2230. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98126

Markus, C. H. (2013). A question of context: The influence of trust on leadership effectiveness during crisis. Management (France), 16(3), 264–293. https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.163.0264

Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), 403–419. https://doi.org/10.2307/257011

Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36(4), 827–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310363732

Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308321554

Parker, S. K., & Wang, Y. (2015). Helping people to make things happen: A framework for proactivity at work Related papers Burden or Resource? How Proactivity Affects Mental Heal h and Well-Being. International Coaching Psychology Review, 10(1), 62–75.

Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M., & Turner, N. (2006). Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 636–652. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.636

Petchko, K. (2018). Data and Methodology. How to Write About Economics and Public Policy, 241–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813010-0.00013-2

Pieterse, A. N., Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M., & Stam, D. (2009). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behavior : The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOB.650

Qiu, S., Alizadeh, A., Dooley, L. M., & Zhang, R. (2019). The effects of authentic leadership on trust in leaders, organizational citizenship behavior, and service quality in the Chinese hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 40(February), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.06.004

Ranjan, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial Leadership: A Review of Measures, Antecedents, Outcomes and Moderators. Asian Social Science, 14(12), 104. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n12p104

Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brännback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12086

Russell Bernard, H., Johnsen, E. C., Killworth, P. D., & Robinson, S. (1991). Estimating the size of an average personal network and of an event subpopulation: Some empirical results. Social Science Research, 20(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(91)90012-R

Sandelowski, M., Voils, C. I., & Knafl, G. (2009). On quantitizing. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(3), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689809334210

Schaufeli, W. (2021). Engaging Leadership: How to Promote Work Engagement? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(October), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754556

Scott, S., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR: A PATH MODEL OF INDIVIDUAL INNOVATION IN THE WORKPLACE. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 580–607. https://doi.org/10.5465/256701

Sexton, D. L., & Bowman, N. (1985). The entrepreneur: A capable executive and more. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(85)90012-6

Sharkie, R. (2009). Trust in leadership is vital for employee performance. Management Research News, 32(5), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910952985

Smithikrai, C. (2018). Authentic leadership and proactive work behavior: Moderated mediation effects of conscientiousness and organizational commitment. Journal of Behavioral Science, 13(2), 94–106. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85058300618

Soderberg, A. T., & Romney, A. C. (2022). Building trust: How leaders can engender feelings of trust among followers. Business Horizons, 65(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.031

Syamsudin, N., Eliyana, A., Nurdin, N., Sudrajat, A., Giyanto, B., Emur, A. P., & Zahar, M. (2022). Are job satisfaction and role breadth self-efficacy the links to proactive work behavior? Heliyon, 8(1), e08710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08710

Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/256902

Venkataraman, S. S. and S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. http://www.jstor.org/stable/259271

Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Thomas, C. L., Yu, J., & Spitzmueller, C. (2017). Explaining benefits of employee proactive personality: The role of engagement, team proactivity composition and perceived organizational support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 101(May 2016), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.04.002

Wu, C. H. (2017). The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior: A Perspective From Attachment Theory. Journal of Management, 43(4), 1025–1049. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544745

Wu, C. H., & Parker, S. K. (2017). The role of leader support in facilitating proactive work behavior: A perspective from attachment theory. Journal of Management, 43(4), 1025–1049. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544745

Wu, W., & Little, T. D. (2011). Quantitative Research Methods. Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1, 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373951-3.00034-X

Yamak, O. U., & Eyupoglu, S. Z. (2021). Authentic Leadership and Service Innovative Behavior: Mediating Role of Proactive Personality. SAGE Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021989629

Yang, Jixia, & Mossholder, K. W. (2010). Examining the effects of trust in leaders: A bases-and-foci approach. Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.004

Yang, Juan, Pu, B., & Guan, Z. (2019). Entrepreneurial Leadership and Turnover Intention of Employees: The Role of Affective Commitment and Person-job Fit. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132380

Yang, Y., Kuria, G. N., & Gu, D. X. (2020). Mediating Role of Trust Between Leader Communication Style and Subordinate’s Work Outcomes in Project Teams. EMJ - Engineering Management Journal, 32(3), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2020.1733380

Yin, K., Xing, L., Li, C., & Guo, Y. (2017). Are empowered employees more proactive? The contingency of how they evaluate their leader. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(NOV), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01802

Zhang, J., Song, L. J., Wang, Y., & Liu, G. (2018). How authentic leadership influences employee proactivity: the sequential mediating effects of psychological empowerment and core self-evaluations and the moderating role of employee political skill. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 12(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11782-018-0026-x

Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

Downloads

Published

2024-02-28

How to Cite

Arraniri, I., Susilawati, H., & Prayudi, D. (2024). PROACTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZATION THROUGH ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP: TRUST IN LEADER MEDIATION TEST. JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v8i1.13169

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): EDUNOMIKA

Section

Articles

Citation Check